The Keithley 2182A Nanovoltmeter is a high-performance, two-channel instrument optimized for stable, low-noise voltage measurements and for characterizing low-resistance materials and devices. Featuring an outstanding 1 nV sensitivity, integrated delta mode coordination with Keithley current sources, and extremely low noise, it is a industry standard for precision metrology and superconductivity research.
Specifications
General
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Interfaces | GPIB (IEEE-488.2), RS-232, Trigger Link |
| Display | 2-line Vacuum Fluorescent Display (VFD) |
| Warm-up Time | 2.5 hours to rated accuracy |
Physical
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Power Supply | 100 V / 120 V / 220 V / 240 V ±10%, 45 Hz to 66 Hz & 360 Hz to 440 Hz, 22 VA |
| Operating Temperature | 0°C to 50°C |
| Dimensions (W×H×D) | 213 mm × 89 mm × 370 mm |
| Weight | 5 kg |
System Capabilities and Functions
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of Input Channels | 2 (Channel 1: Nanovolt/Voltage, Channel 2: Voltage/Temperature) |
| Delta Mode Support | Yes, coordinated low-resistance measurements with Keithley 6220/6221 current sources |
| Internal Buffer Capacity | 1024 readings |
| Math Functions | MX+B, Percentage, Ratio, Difference |
| Filter Settings | Analog, Digital (Averaging and Advanced) |
DC Voltage Performance
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Channel 1 Voltage Ranges | 10 mV, 100 mV, 1 V, 10 V, 100 V |
| Channel 2 Voltage Ranges | 100 mV, 1 V, 10 V |
| Best Voltage Resolution | 1 nV |
| Channel 1 Input Impedance | >10 GΩ (10 mV to 10 V ranges), 10 MΩ ± 1% (100 V range) |
| Channel 2 Input Impedance | >10 GΩ (all ranges) |
| Maximum Input Voltage (Channel 1) | 120 V peak (continuous) |
| Maximum Input Voltage (Channel 2) | 15 V peak (continuous) |
Noise and Rejection
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Channel-to-Channel Isolation | >10^10 Ω in parallel with <150 pF |
| Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) | >140 dB (DC, 50 Hz or 60 Hz with 1 kΩ unbalance in LO lead) |
| Normal Mode Rejection Ratio (NMRR) | >60 dB (50 Hz or 60 Hz, ±0.1%) |
| Peak-to-Peak Noise (0.1Hz to 10Hz) | 6 nV p-p (typical at 1 PLC), 1.5 nV p-p (typical at 5 PLC) |
Measurement Speeds and Integration
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Integration Time Options (NPLC) | 0.01 PLC to 50 PLC (50 Hz), 0.01 PLC to 60 PLC (60 Hz) |
| Maximum Reading Rate to Buffer | 2000 readings/second (at 0.01 PLC, 16-bit resolution) |
Temperature Measurement
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Supported Thermocouples | J, K, T, E, R, S, B, N |
| Temperature Measurement Resolution | 0.001 °C |
| Reference Junction Compensation Accuracy | ±0.5 °C |
Input and Output Interfaces
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Primary Input Connector Type | Low-thermal LEMO connector (front panel) |
| Analog Output Voltage Range | ±1.2 V full scale |
| Analog Output Resolution | 12-bit |
| Analog Output Impedance | 1 kΩ nominal |
| Digital I/O Port Configuration | 4-bit open-collector outputs, 1 trigger input, 1 end-of-measurement output |
| Trigger Link Connector | 8-pin micro-DIN |
Physical Characteristics
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Rackmount Support | Yes, 2U half-rack |
Environmental and Safety Compliance
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Storage Temperature Range | -40 °C to 70 °C |
| Operating Humidity Range | Up to 80% RH at up to 35°C (non-condensing) |
Power Supply
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Line Frequency | 45 Hz to 66 Hz and 360 Hz to 440 Hz (automatically sensed) |
| Power Consumption | 22 VA |
Measurement Performance
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Maximum Common Mode Voltage | 350 V peak |
Analog Output
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Analog Output Accuracy | ±(0.15% of output + 1 mV) |
| Analog Output Settling Time | 2.5 ms (nominal) |
Triggering
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Trigger Input | TTL compatible, minimum 2 µs pulse width |
| Trigger Output | TTL compatible, ~15 µs pulse width |
Interfaces
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Command Language Support | SCPI (Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments) |
Delta & Pulse Modes
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Delta Mode Compatibility | Keithley 6220 and 6221 current sources |
| Pulse Mode Compatibility | Keithley 6221 current source |
A/D Converter
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| A/D Converter Architecture | Multi-slope integrating |
Digital I/O
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Digital I/O Max Sink Current | 100 mA |
Environmental
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Operating Altitude Limit | 2000 m (6562 ft) above sea level |
| Shock and Vibration Specification | MIL-T-28800E Type III, Class 5 |
Compliance & Safety
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Safety Conformity | Conforms to European Union Low Voltage Directive, IEC 61010-1 |
| EMC Conformity | Conforms to European Union EMC Directive, EN 61326-1 |
Technology
Precision Nanovoltmeter
Applications
Low-voltage metrology, low-resistance material characterization, superconductivity research, temperature measurements